Waste management is challenging in urban and rural areas. Waste can be classified by its source and by the socioeconomic sector generating the waste. Types of waste include municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial waste, hazardous waste, agricultural waste, medical waste, sludge, chemical waste, biological waste, and e-waste. Testing and analysis of waste are important to understand and determine the type of waste because each kind of waste has unique characteristics and must be treated properly to avoid environmental damage and health impacts. Generation of waste is directly proportional to population growth. Hazardous wastes can be identified by assessing their ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity using standardized methodologies like ASTM or APHA standards. The energy content of waste is determined using bomb calorimeter tests